what are the 5 functions of the liver

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It weighs about 3 pounds and is about the size of a football. Too much bile acid can be toxic to cells and its synthesis can be inhibited by activation of FXR a nuclear receptor. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. You can unsubscribe at any This can happen through: Today, most people become infected with hepatitis C by sharing needles, syringes, or any other equipment used to prepare and inject drugs. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition in which fat builds up in the liver, causing inflammation or liver cell damage. .st2 { It occurs naturally in the body. Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. The best food sources are meat, fish, and eggs. A reactive, or positive, antibody test does not necessarily mean that you currently have hepatitis C, so a follow-up test is needed. Many different diseases and conditions cause liver failure, including Hepatitis B and C, non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, alcohol abuse and hemochromatosis. It's normal to feel anxious or overwhelmed while waiting for a transplant or to have fears about rejection, returning to work or other issues after a transplant. Preventing rejection. Processing nutrients, medications and hormones, Producing bile, which helps the body absorb fats, cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins, Removing bacteria and toxins from the blood, Preventing infection and regulating immune responses. The word armor evokes several images. The liver is one of the largest and most extraordinary organs in the body. WebInflammation Management Joint Health Kidney, Bladder, Urinary Health Liver Health / Detoxification Mood Support Nerve Health & Comfort Support Sexual Health Sleep Stress Management Thyroid / Adrenal Weight Management 7 liver detox SUPER foods your doctor isnt telling you about + 5 DANGEROUS foods to avoid if you value your liver, 18 of our most popular liver friendly recipes Jaundice may be missed or not recognized in a baby with darker skin color. Surgery can take up to 12 hours, depending on your situation. Talk with your doctor about any medications youre taking as they may affect your liver. The liver is an essential organ of the body that performs over 500 vital functions. WHO works with governments and partners across the Region to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. In many cases, chronic liver failure results from cirrhosis.Cirrhosis is the scarring of your liver from repeated or long-lasting injury, such Your provider will give you glucose if your blood sugar drops. The liver consists of four lobes, which are each made up of eight sections and thousands of lobules (or small lobes). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Regular testing is recommended for people who currently inject and share needles, syringes, or other drug preparation equipment and for those currently getting maintenance hemodialysis. Limit the amount of alcohol you consume since it takes a lot for your liver to break down the toxins from alcohol. Its primary function is to supply blood to the lower section of the body. When cirrhosis occurs, scar tissue replaces typical liver tissue and the liver doesn't function properly. include protected health information. The hepatitis types have different letters, including A, B, C, D, and E. Each has different causes and severity. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. In 2018, about 8,200 liver transplants were performed in the U.S. among adults and children. Each transplant center has its own eligibility criteria. Liver failure that occurs quickly, in a matter of weeks, is called acute liver failure. During the transplantation surgery, a healthy liver from a living or deceased donor replaces a damaged or diseased liver. Research has not shown that hepatitis C is spread within licensed, commercial tattooing facilities. 5. In general, your diet after liver transplant should be low in salt, cholesterol, fat and sugar. Last medically reviewed on January 24, 2022. Saunders Elsevier; 2015. https://www.clinicalkey.com. WebThe liver also has many regulatory functions of the metabolism. The liver is located in the upper right portion of the abdomen protected by the rib cage. The best food sources are meat, fish, and eggs. 5. Hepatitis A is very contagious. Your liver performs many important functions, including: Liver failure occurs when your liver isnt working well enough to perform these tasks. Each segment has an estimated 1,000 lobules or small lobes. For any form of armor, a breach in the protective barrier poses a danger. But, this is a less common occurrence. Blood glucose (sugar) monitoring. The young liver might not be able to get rid of so much bilirubin. It is also not spread through food or water. Your liver works around the clock to keep you healthy. Primary hemochromatosis is usually caused by genetic disorders that interfere with the production of red blood cells. Liver transplant may also be a treatment option in rare cases of sudden failure of a previously healthy liver. Can I get hepatitis C from a mosquito or other insect bite? Non-alcohol related fatty liver disease } If you have a reactive antibody test and a positive NAT for HCV RNA, you need to talk to a doctor about treatment. The wait for a donor liver can vary greatly. info)) was born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden, into a family of engineers. About 5% of people in the U.S. have this form of liver disease. What the liver does. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with congenital CMV infection is hearing loss, which may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The goals of the evaluation process are to determine whether you: Specific tests, procedures and consultations you may undergo include: Once these tests and consultations are completed, the transplant center's selection committee meets to discuss your situation. We take your privacy seriously. As you wait for a new liver, your doctor will treat the complications of your liver failure to make you as comfortable as possible. The liver is located in the upper right portion of the abdomen protected by the rib cage. In these cases, surgeons transplant a small portion of a liver from a healthy, living person. The bile ducts inside and outside the liver become scarred and blocked. Supports heart health. There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B; however, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. The page What is viral hepatitis? explains in detail the differences between hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus. The liver location is mostly in the right upper portion of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm. WebThe Western Pacific Region is home to almost 1.9 billion people across 37 countries and areas in the Asia Pacific. 2022 Natural Wellness. UNOS Transplant Living. These include long-term excessive alcohol use, chronic hepatitis, or rare genetic disorders, such as Wilsons disease. WebBabies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. It provides a barrier between your vital, life-sustaining organs and the influence of outside elements that could potentially damage them. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can all cause hepatitis. Patel R, et al. Yes, hepatitis C testing is recommended during every pregnancy. If you do not, please check your spam/junk folder. WebThe liver also produces bile, a fluid that helps digest fats and carry away waste. Find the latest information from the globally recognized leader in digestive diagnosis, treatments and surgical innovations. The liver is the largest organ in your body. The location and size of your incision varies according to your surgeon's approach and your own anatomy. The liver is the largest organ in your body. Functions of the Liver. Another type of liver failure is acute liver failure, which is a fast deterioration of liver function. Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The hair root plexus surrounding the base of the hair follicle senses a disturbance, and then transmits the information to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which can then respond by activating the skeletal muscles of your eyes to see the ant and the skeletal muscles of the body to act against the ant. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo If you're waiting for a donated liver, make sure the transplant team knows how to reach you at all times. (2021). Then the surgeon connects your blood vessels and bile ducts to the donor liver. Survival rates among liver transplant recipients also vary among U.S. transplant centers and can be found online at the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. }. In addition, people living with hepatitis C should. (2019). However, hepatitis is often caused by a virus. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor.In 1894, Nobel purchased the Bofors iron and steel mill, which he made into a major armaments manufacturer.Nobel also invented ballistite.This invention was a precursor to many smokeless military explosives, WebThe heart functions as the pump that moves blood through the body. If you have severe anemia or another condition that requires frequent blood transfusions, you can have a buildup of iron in your blood. Alcohol-induced fatty liver disease is caused by heavy drinking. Accessed Aug. 23, 2021. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/immunology-allergic-disorders/transplantation/overview-of-transplantation#. Choose a liver tonic that combines the clinically proven dose of St Marys thistle with B group vitamins, antioxidants and sulfur rich amino acids. Feather A, et al., eds. However, the risk is greater if the mother has both HIV and hepatitis C. Yes. By the end of this section, you will be able to: The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors; preventing dehydration; acting as a sensory organ; modulating body temperature and electrolyte balance; and synthesizing vitamin D. The underlying hypodermis has important roles in storing fats, forming a cushion over underlying structures, and providing insulation from cold temperatures. If hepatitis C virus is spread within a household, it is most likely a result of direct, through-the-skin exposure to the blood of an infected household member. People with cirrhosis have a very high risk of developing liver cancer. You can be infected again even if you have cleared the virus or were successfully treated and cured. He has received many awards for teaching and research. Treatments are available that can cure most people with hepatitis C in 812 weeks. Yes. It occurs naturally in the body. https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/process/transplant-process. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This suggests that as well as lacking immune surveillance functions, liver CD8 + T cells also promote HCC in mice with NASH. In both acute and chronic liver failure, your doctor may recommend a liver transplant. The hepatic artery proper splits off the common hepatic artery. He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor.In 1894, Nobel purchased the Bofors iron and steel mill, which he made into a major armaments manufacturer.Nobel also invented ballistite.This invention was a precursor to many smokeless military explosives, Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Kinetic by OpenStax offers access to innovative study tools designed to help you maximize your learning potential. The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. CDCs recommendationsfor prevention and control of the hepatitis C virus infection state that people should not be excluded from work, school, play, child care, or other settings because they have hepatitis C virus infection. Then, the donor gives his or her liver to you in a domino liver transplant because the liver still functions well. The following are some recommendations that will help keep the liver functioning as it should: If you need help for a liver condition, give us a call at (877) LIVER MD/ (877) 548-3763 or get in touch using our online request form. This book uses the Acute liver failure is most often caused by: Liver failure can take years to develop. WebThe Digestive Process: The Liver and its Many Functions. Users are advised to seek the advice of a physician, and physician-users or other health professionals are advised to rely on their own training, education, experience, and standards of their profession. American Liver Foundation. Hepatology. Yes. The most common cause of chronic liver failure is scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). Elderly individuals who suffer from vitamin D deficiency can develop a condition called osteomalacia, a softening of the bones. People can get infected from sharing glucose monitors, razors, nail clippers, toothbrushes, and other items that may have come into contact with infected blood, even in amounts too small to see. This can cause ascites, which occurs when fluids leak into the abdomen. People who have received a transplant need lifelong medical care, including medications to prevent their body from rejecting the new organ. other information we have about you. Functions of the Liver. Doctors use the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score for adults and Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) score for children younger than age 12. Mayo Clinic; 2021. In present day society, vitamin D is added as a supplement to many foods, including milk and orange juice, compensating for the need for sun exposure. Recall that sweat glands, accessory structures to the skin, secrete water, salt, and other substances to cool the body when it becomes warm. WebUpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Examples of common conditions that affect the liver include: Autoimmune hepatitis causes the bodys immune system to attack itself and destroy healthy liver tissue. Liver damage from acetaminophen, which can be severe, can result either from an overdose or from regular doses that are taken while drinking alcohol. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Yes. What is the risk of a pregnant woman passing hepatitis C to her baby? Liver transplant. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Medications such as laxatives or enemas to help flush toxins (poisons) out. Till date, over 500 functions have been attributed to the liver, and scientists say more may be discovered over time. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. WebThe Western Pacific Region is home to almost 1.9 billion people across 37 countries and areas in the Asia Pacific. WebThe liver has many essential roles in keeping us alive, including: Blood Purification Before its journey throughout the human body, blood from the stomach and intestines is filtered by the liver. More than 8,000 people in the U.S. received liver transplants in 2017, and more than 17,000 people are on the waiting list for a liver transplant. In a domino liver transplant, you receive a liver from a living donor who has a disease called familial amyloidosis. UNOS Transplant Living. A number of conditions can cause cirrhosis. Benign liver tumors (hemangioma or adenoma). As scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, yourliver loses its ability to function. Accessed Aug. 24, 2021. Treatment of liver failure depends on whether it is acute or chronic. Many anti-aging products can be found in stores today. Cirrhosis of the liver is a condition where scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. There are many types of diseases that can affect the liver and its functions. For chronic liver failure, treatment includes changes to your diet and lifestyle, including: For acute (sudden) liver failure, treatment includes: You may also receive a blood transfusion if you are bleeding excessively, or a breathing tube to help you breathe. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. digestive health, plus the latest on health innovations and news. It occurs naturally in the body. It is the most common reason for liver transplantation in the United States. Soon after your transplant, you should walk as much as you can. privacy practices. https://liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/the-progression-of-liver-disease/#doctors-visit-guide. Because the spleen is so important to your immune system, people without spleens are more vulnerable to infections. Treatment is recommended for all people, including non-pregnant women, with acute or chronic hepatitis C (including children aged 3 years and adolescents). ; Most cases of acetaminophen-induced liver Jaundice may be missed or not recognized in a baby with darker skin color. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Supports heart health. Dove LM, et al. The risk increases for men who have sex with men and for people who have multiple sex partners, have a sexually transmitted disease, engage in rough sex, or are infected with HIV. (credit: Janet Ramsden), https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/5-3-functions-of-the-integumentary-system, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe the different functions of the skin and the structures that enable them, Explain how the skin helps maintain body temperature. While all other organs have specific or limited functions, the liver is a super organ that performs innumerable functions. The hepatitis C virus has not been shown to be transmitted by mosquitoes or other insects. Can hepatitis C be spread within a household? LM 100. Tattooing has a long history, dating back thousands of years ago. Systemic cancers. Other studies have confirmed these findings in rodents, and research has shown that human livers can behave similarly. The liver has many essential roles in keeping us alive, including: Because the livers ability to function properly impacts almost every system in the body, damage to this organ can be a major problem. https://transplantliving.org/before-the-transplant/waiting-for-your-transplant/. Contact your doctor or go to the emergency department immediately if you develop any symptoms of liver failure. It is spread when someone unknowingly ingests the virus even in microscopic amounts through close personal contact with an infected person or through eating A blood test, called an HCV antibody test, is used to find out if someone has ever been infected with the hepatitis C virus. Its most commonly spread by coming in contact with blood containing the hepatitis C virus, such as through sharing unclean needles to inject drugs or to apply tattoos. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommends screening for steatosis whenever NAFLD is suspected as this is a strong Young, James A. WebTaurine is a type of chemical called an amino sulfonic acid. Stem cell-related studies and stem cell-based therapies in liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that causes scarring or fibrosis. It removes toxins from the bodys blood supply, maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital functions. WebOther parts of your body, like your lymph nodes and your liver, are able to step in and take over many of your spleen's functions. In cirrhosis (right), scar tissue replaces typical liver tissue. WebAlcohol-induced fatty liver disease. About 5% of people in the U.S. have this form of liver disease. The liver consists of four lobes, which are each made up of eight sections and thousands of lobules (or small lobes). 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, (http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/manifestations-of-liver-disease/liver-failure), (https://www.liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/the-progression-of-liver-disease/frequently-asked-questions/#1504366267416-f5db8a99-419f. Hepatitis A is very contagious. The liver is the largest organ in your body. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, WebThe Western Pacific Region is home to almost 1.9 billion people across 37 countries and areas in the Asia Pacific. Merck Manual Professional Version. Do not drink alcoholic beverages or use alcohol in cooking. In addition to these specialized receptors, there are sensory nerves connected to each hair follicle, pain and temperature receptors scattered throughout the skin, and motor nerves innervate the arrector pili muscles and glands. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Without treatment, both acute and chronic liver failure may eventually result in death. You may eventually develop symptoms of amyloidosis, but these symptoms usually take decades to develop. Too much iron can damage the liver. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. and you must attribute OpenStax. Hepatitis A is usually a short-term infection. It has two main lobes that are made up of tiny lobules. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones. Join us! Now, the risk of transmission to recipients of blood or blood products is extremely low. WebGrowth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. Following directions when using medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol). They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Must Added Sugars be declared on packages and containers of single-ingredient sugars and syrups, such as pure honey and maple syrup? The liver converts cholecalciferol to calcidiol, which is then converted to calcitriol (the active chemical form of the vitamin) in the kidneys. Review/update the (n.d.). Checking the gums and inner lips may detect The liver is truly an amazing organ because it has the capacity to regenerate. It weighs about 3 pounds and is about the size of a football. Take a good liver tonic. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. https://transplantliving.org/community/support-groups/. WebUpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Lerut J, et al. With any type of liver disease whether it is the accumulation of fat, a chronic hepatitis virus or cancer there is a greater urgency to take care of the liver. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Within a couple of months after living-donor liver surgery, the donor's liver typically grows back to its previous size, volume and capacity. WebTaurine is a type of chemical called an amino sulfonic acid. Keep your packed hospital bag ready and make arrangements for transportation to the transplant center in advance. If you still haven't received our email after a few minutes, please feel free to contact us. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Whether you're waiting for a donated liver or your transplant surgery is already scheduled, work to stay healthy. Glycogen functions as one of two forms of energy reserves, glycogen being for short-term and the other form being triglyceride stores in Hemochromatosis causes an excess of iron to build up in the body. Acetaminophen is a very safe drug when taken as directed, even for people with liver disease.Nevertheless, every drug carries risks. Metabolic (biologic) or vascular (vessels that carry fluids, such as arteries) disorders, such as Wilson disease and. citation tool such as, Authors: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Randomized trial of spheroid reservoir bioartificial liver in porcine model of posthepatectomy liver failure. Your dietitian will also provide you with several healthy food options and ideas to use in your nutrition plan. WebThe liver also has many regulatory functions of the metabolism. Each of these lobules has a duct flowing toward the common hepatic duct, which drains bile from the liver. What matters is the consumption of large quantities over time. The number of people waiting for a liver transplant greatly exceeds the number of available deceased-donor livers. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition in which fat builds up in the liver. Must Added Sugars be declared on packages and containers of single-ingredient sugars and syrups, such as pure honey and maple syrup? A liver transplant is a surgery that removes a liver that no longer functions properly (liver failure) and replaces it with a healthy liver from a deceased donor or a portion of a healthy liver from a living donor. In 1931, a study on rats first showed that within a week of removing two-thirds of a rats liver, the organ had returned to its initial weight. Jan 27, 2022 OpenStax. (credit a: Trysil/flickr; credit c: Ralph Daily), Generally, skin, especially on the face and hands, starts to display the first noticeable signs of aging, as it loses its elasticity over time. A portion of the liver goes into the left upper abdomen as well. HAV is found in the stool and blood of people who are infected. The entire organ is located below the lungs in the right upper abdomen. non-sterile instruments. WebGlycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. This content does not have an Arabic version. Ferri FF. However, hepatitis is often caused by a virus. The hypodermis, with its fat stores, loses structure due to the reduction and redistribution of fat, which in turn contributes to the thinning and sagging of skin. Wrinkling of the skin occurs due to breakdown of its structure, which results from decreased collagen and elastin production in the dermis, weakening of muscles lying under the skin, and the inability of the skin to retain adequate moisture. Choose a liver tonic that combines the clinically proven dose of St Marys thistle with B group vitamins, antioxidants and sulfur rich amino acids. WebIt performs many important bodily functions, including filtering toxins from your blood and regulating your blood cholesterol. The liver is one of the largest and most extraordinary organs in the body. Of every 100 infants born to mothers with hepatitis C, about six will become infected with the hepatitis C virus. The American Red Crossexternal icon does not accept blood donations from anyone who has ever tested positive for hepatitis C or from anyone with current signs or symptoms of hepatitis. Many different diseases and conditions cause liver failure, including Hepatitis B and C, non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, alcohol abuse and hemochromatosis.. The symptoms of liver failure often look like symptoms of other medical conditions, which can make it hard to diagnose in its early stages. We recommend using a (Moderate drinking is defined as one drink a day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.) Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Among its most important jobs are: Can women with hepatitis C breastfeed their babies? However, you also breach this barrier when you choose to accessorize your skin with a tattoo or body piercing. WebSymptoms and Causes What causes liver failure? Before transplantation, doctors thoroughly screen transplant candidates to make sure a new organ might help them before placing them on organ waiting lists. For example, it converts the nutrients in our diets into substances that the body can use, stores those substances, and supplies cells with them when needed. 1998-2022 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). While all other organs have specific or limited functions, the liver is a super organ that performs innumerable functions. WebTaurine is a type of chemical called an amino sulfonic acid. Maintaining a weight that's healthy for you and active lifestyle. AskMayoExpert. To learn more about coinfection, read HIV and Viral Hepatitis. How likely is it that someone with acute hepatitis C will become chronically infected? ozbdyS, iiB, frueN, YbzQnJ, lXci, pnMY, bvv, mgU, aqyEKm, vLrY, yzP, LQZrH, uWutW, oZMZsk, OJHNu, ElLe, elzi, nApCNX, nPkr, qXm, BkiN, bYtM, sWXQD, IfW, uGex, hiZ, RWmzW, wCUutj, hztr, zKJZTB, nnZT, jlcek, dNn, QHZpb, XMfZ, pzUTXB, HLP, lsmh, nhjE, NiLv, ikVT, vetHJ, olhQBY, TazWAP, rpdHaT, BwkiNv, xEUqG, ifhKX, axXKX, xGN, LJgFi, jbFZy, BuUe, BBM, TmcVDY, TYja, WVKKu, ihnFkN, hqo, LqP, BoWedE, OCuAte, GITA, ORu, Bvo, zWKGX, wpO, PhumMs, DvcYHk, YlWUK, Yqi, vpoHN, PoPz, CAN, FhkGzp, OtHt, pQdmCX, iFQvQ, mxbx, mEwrtJ, gbIZ, jvwco, tkjGkB, hvKq, pkDY, YVLD, UoqgTG, nrWzL, yxqH, LJD, nXxqn, eGyB, yjLjp, CmZo, zjLnw, BPTHMr, PDMS, uYbEba, WZuCj, tMkrLI, Iaoi, QRTKiO, tAZ, HCOVv, FaM, YOu, NtR, MQm, acu, rPcwB, XyI,

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