The emergency physician simply dismissed the patients symptoms and diagnosed her with an upper respiratory infection, gave her a dose of IV antibiotics, and a prescription for oral antibiotics to take home. From this day, the use of personal knowledge and applied ethics form the core of my profession as a pediatric nurse. As such, she was not offering much help to the social workers. For this assignment, consider Carper's Ways of Knowing: empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic. All you need to do is place an orderwith us. A. In nursing, personal knowledge is a fundamental pattern but the most problematic in teaching and mastering. The quality of interpersonal relationships and contact is evidently more influential on the illness of a person occurring, becoming well and coping with the illness (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). As both collective and individual responses are developed by nurses on the development of knowledge, there has to be an understanding of what the ways of knowing actually entail. Knowing is a way of perception and understanding of the world and the self, while knowledge is a reasonably accurate accounts of the world. There has been increased sensitivity by practitioners and nurses on the personal choices that are difficult to make in modern health care. In 1978, there was an examination of early nursing literature by Carper who mentioned four enduring and fundamental patterns of knowing that have been useful and valuable for nurses in practice. The ways that knowing and knowledge are developed concern epistemology revealing how nurses know and acquire shared knowledge in nursing. ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW. Working in a pediatric emergency room necessitates personal knowledge. Personal knowledge refers to the way in which nurses view themselves and the client (McEwen & Mills, 2014, p. 13). Carper's framework offers a lens through which the nurse can reflect upon insights acquired through empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic knowledge (Carper, 1978). Easily observed issues were the patients worsening of symptoms, borderline lab values, and chest x-ray. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 17(6), 529-539. The patient did have a history of CHF and newly diagnosed COPD. By that, she meant the discovery of self-and-other, arrived at through reflection, synthesis of perceptions and connecting with what is known. I reviewed the patients chart and noticed the patient presented to the emergency department with a sudden inset od shortness of breath and minor chest pain that was deemed noncardiac by the physician. The knowledge that is found in practice is expressed by use of sounds, movements and actions. In your description, explain how the particular way of knowing informed the decision to implement the intervention. Through philosophical assumptions, the clinical workers get their knowledge. I took this information to the physician and reported to him that the patients symptoms were worse and that she had diminished breath sounds in the left lung field. The entrance of the social workers ended up complicating the emergency situation at hand. Within no time, the traumatized child was able to cool down. Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a cardiac hormone, this test may have a role in detecting, monitoring, and perhaps preventing chronic heart failure (Doust, Lehman, & Glasziou, 2006). The patients condition clearly did not meet discharge criteria and demanded a second look by myself and the physician. These patterns of knowing in nursing have an interrelation with nurses learning some of the disciplines knowledge in the basic education they receive and the acquired knowledge is in turn built upon during practice (Benner, 2001). (1978). In 1978, Barbara Carper named personal knowing as a fundamental way of knowing in our discipline. Knowing is a way of perception and understanding of the world and the self, while knowledge is a reasonably accurate accounts of the world. Nurses gain personal knowledge from subjective data. Essay Instructions. Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Carper's Way of Knowing and your nursing assignment According to rationalism, the only source of knowledge is reason rather than experience. From here, it was established that the childs parents were deep into drug abuse and the child was seen as an obstacle. Utilizing the philosophical analysis provided by Carper we will expand upon the view and understanding of nursing knowledge that was used in the nursing care that, Client Relationship Essential to Client Care Aesthetics provides unique means through which clients and nurses can explore personal perceptions of aspects of their world and fosters a creative sense of self-awareness (Koithan, 1996). Patterns of knowing: Review, critique, and update. The ethical way of knowing is a fundamental pattern of knowing that focuses on the moral obligations, guiding what needs to be done (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). It supports the role of continuous learning in delivering superior nursing philosophies. Nursing is seen as an art and a science. This pattern covers fundamental values and aspects in the nursing code of ethics such as self-respect, value for human dignity, accountability, among others. Aesthetics provides unique means through which clients and nurses can explore personal perceptions of aspects of their world and fosters a creative sense of self-awareness (Koithan, 1996). The main aspect of personal knowledge is the encountering, knowing and actualizing of the individual self. Ethical knowing according to Carper (1978) acknowledges the knowledge of ethical codes and norms by examining the codes, standards and values that are seen as morally right resulting in better awareness of the moral choices that are to be made. Whereas on the other, there was the need to allow the social workers to discharge their obligation in a case involving physical abuse to a child. White, J. I reviewed the patients chart and noticed the patient presented to the emergency department with a sudden inset od shortness of breath and minor chest pain that was deemed noncardiac by the physician. Kothian, M.S. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. The clinical case presented involved an intricacy of complications and issues related to patient care. These patterns of knowing in nursing have an interrelation with nurses learning some of the disciplines knowledge in the basic education they receive and the acquired knowledge is in turn built upon during practice (Benner, 2001). In nursing, personal knowledge is a fundamental pattern but the most problematic in teaching and mastering. Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a cardiac hormone, this test may have a role in detecting, monitoring, and perhaps preventing chronic heart failure (Doust, Lehman, & Glasziou, 2006). This assignment directly relates to course objective \ Explore the development of nursing knowledge in the context of nursing science.\. Nurses gain personal knowledge from subjective data. A personal belief that impacted my actions was that this patient was in need and that she was not receiving the care that she had a right to receive and which she had access carpers ways of knowing essay examples. This categorization consists of four patterns; empirics, aesthetics, ethics, and personal knowledge. This paper uses Carper's model to describe a specific practice situation in . He told me to discharge the patient because he was the doctor and I was just a nurse. Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a cardiac hormone, this test may have a role in detecting, monitoring, and perhaps preventing chronic heart failure (Doust, Lehman, & Glasziou, 2006). The above question will be explained in multiple ways so the reader will better understand Carpers concepts and how they may apply to their own situation. Use references other than those provided in assigned course readings. It was obvious that the social workers had wasted time on an equally traumatized grandmother, and in so doing, put the childs life at risk. The patient was admitted to the hospital with CHF, exacerbation of COPD, and leukocytosis. The knowledge comes from theory which is the ways of knowing. The physician did not take into consideration that the patients history and the fact that when she presented the second time her symptoms were worse and warranted further testing and physical evaluation. According to White (1995), sociopolitical knowing causes the nurse to question the taken-for-granted assumptions about practice, the profession, and health policies (p. 84). By, I have chosen to reflect on an incident that occurred on unit 3D at the Pasqua hospital. The main aspect of personal knowledge is the encountering, knowing and actualizing of the individual self. Retrieved fromhttps://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/1201/p1893.html. In this term, a person does not know about the self but keeps string to know. From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. In situations of uncertainty and ambiguity, there are moral dilemmas that arise especially when one cannot predict the consequences of their actions and the traditional principles that they are supposed to follow without contradiction (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). As you continue, thestudycorp.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. While charging in the emergency room one night, I encountered a family that was not comfortable taking their mother home. However, it exceeds the knowledge of the ethical codes of conduct as according to Carper (1978), and is also inclusive of all deliberate voluntary actions that are subject to judgment of what is right or wrong. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. Therefore, my patient, HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL The personal knowing exemplar gave me an understanding of appreciating others especially children that cannot defend themselves. On one hand, the life of the traumatized boy with physical abuse was at stake. Empirical knowledge is defined as the science of nursing. By identifying a theme and applying each of Barbara Carpers 4 ways of knowing to examples from Anne Golds journal, I am able to get a sample insight to the kind of nursing care Gold has developed over the course of her career based upon her experiences with working with adolescents. The childs parents were responsible for the physical abuse that he had suffered. My encounter with a traumatized three year old boy, brought to the hospital by his grandmother, has left a mark in my pediatric career. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. As a nurse, it will be essential for me to build upon the knowledge that I already have in my practice to enable growth and development through more experiences. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. Permalink:https://collepals.com/carpers-ways-of-g-essay-examples/. Tempers had risen, as the social workers were of the opinion that the grandmother was taking them for a ride. Our payment method is safe and secure. Nursing Assignment Help (704) Therefore, as a nurse, it becomes my responsibility to have social relationships with my patients and view them as individuals during my professional responsibilities (Carper, 1978). Academic Writing Guides (24) This data promotes engagement instead of detachment (McEwen & Mills, 2014, p. 14). tina jones shadow health (11) Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (1999). The authors give related opinions as those of Carper on their definitions. In this paper, I will focus on Carpers method, provide an example related to her method and identify/reflect on the situation as it relates to her model. The role of BNP testing in heart failure. By that, she meant the discovery of self-and-other, arrived at through reflection, synthesis of perceptions and connecting with what is known. A therapeutic relationship, when a patient denies care, care cannot be given. Personal knowledge refers to the way in which nurses view themselves and the client (McEwen & Mills, 2014, p. 13). In so doing, the social workers were adding to the confusion and tension in the emergency room. Use a different reference for each of the . I took this information to the physician and reported to him that the patients symptoms were worse and that she had diminished breath sounds in the left lung field. My ability to bond with the child played a critical role in calming down the traumatized child. The. The main aspect of personal knowledge is the encountering, knowing and actualizing of the individual self. Retrieved fromhttps://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781469899992/. But each person's experience is unique. Scientific knowledge is what we know about the human body and how it works. The reassessment and reflection of this clinical case has influenced my personal morals and experience as a nurse so that I will continue to provide care for patients, advocate for patients, and care for patients based on a holistic approach. On noticing that the situation in the emergency room was working against the welfare of the patient, I moved with authority and sent the social workers out of the room. Knowing is a way of perception and understanding of the world and the self, while knowledge is a reasonably accurate accounts of the world. Carper's ways of knowing in nursing, empirics, esthetics, personal knowing, and ethics, provide a guide to holistic practice, education, and research. Retrieved formhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7625782carpers ways of knowing essay examples. On the other hand, it is an essential pattern of understanding the meanings of health terms of the well-being of individuals. It was my knowledge and understanding that the child had gone through trauma in the hands of his tormentor that enabled me to explain to the child that he was in safe hands and that nothing bad would happen to him again. In the therapeutic use of self, the nurse does not approach the patient as an object but keeps striving to have actual personal relationships (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). Retrieved formhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7625782carpers ways of knowing essay examples, Start by filling this short order form thestudycorp.com/order, Essay Topics and Ideas carpers ways of knowing essay examples. From here, it was established that the childs parents were deep into drug abuse and the child was seen as an obstacle. This assurance was what the poor child needed in order to smile again. There has been increased sensitivity by practitioners and nurses on the personal choices that are difficult to make in modern health care. diseases and hoe humans respond. From this day, the use of personal knowledge and applied ethics form the core of my profession as a pediatric nurse. Benner, P. E. (2001). Aesthetics provides unique means through which clients and nurses can explore personal perceptions of aspects of their world and fosters a creative sense of self-awareness (Koithan, 1996). Nursing Leadership Essay (6) As nursing students we are taught that the capacity to reflect critically is crucial to a nurses ability to grow as a practitioner, nursing care provided towards her clients in their adolescent years. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. He did not seem to be impressed or moved with my assessment and the familys discomfort in taking her home. Thus, when one knows more about the self, then the other can also be known. Ethical knowing is focussed on the moral obligations needed during practice, while personal knowing is based on knowing oneself in a better way so that service can be offered to others. With the emergence of personal knowing throughout life there can be full expression of the genuine self with accessibility being possible only through deliberate interactions and actions. Carpers way of knowing in nursing, empirics, esthetics, personal knowing, and ethics, provide a guide to holistic practice, education, and research (Holtslander, 2008). In 1978, Carper introduced four ways of knowing, which have since been used to structure nursing education and to evaluate nursing practice (Zander), In order for nurses to be able to practice they need knowledge and have an understanding of relationships (Berragan, 1998). The department manager spoke with the physician and expressed her concerns as well and he reluctantly ran some further testing on the patient. I took this information to the physician and reported to him that the patients symptoms were worse and that she had diminished breath sounds in the left lung field. On the other hand, it is an essential pattern of understanding the meanings of health terms of the well-being of individuals. seemingly without ever thinking about it? Carper has developed four ways of knowing that has become essential in a nurses every day practice. Personal knowledge refers to the way in which nurses view themselves and the client (McEwen & Mills, 2014, p. 13). Nursing knowledge is classified in a variety of ways, one of which is Carper's Patterns of Knowing (Carper, 1978). The physician did not take into consideration that the patients history and the fact that when she presented the second time her symptoms were worse and warranted further testing and physical evaluation. This assurance was what the poor child needed in order to smile again. I also learned to appreciate Carpers four fundamentals and how they apply to situations I am faced with daily. By doing so, I learned to be more in sync with my patients and their families. Whereas on the other, there was the need to allow the social workers to discharge their obligation in a case involving physical abuse to a child. (1995). Working in a pediatric emergency room necessitates personal knowledge. Nursing staff demonstrated aesthetics by identifying the patients basic and social needs, interacting directly with the patient/patients family, and by recognizing the validity of the familys concerns. There is also the involvement of encounters, experiences and focus. Theoretical Basis for Nursing, 4th Edition. By that, she meant the discovery of self-and-other, arrived at through reflection, synthesis of perceptions and connecting with what is known. Carper's Ways Of Knowing Essay There are different ways of knowing in nursing, which help us to understand and care for our patients. Proposed by Professor Barbara A. Carper,Carpers Ways of Knowingis a classification of the diverse sources and patterns in nursing from which knowledge can be acquired. A Leader in Nursing, Organizations and Carpers Way of Knowing I reviewed the patients earlier visit and noted that the chest x-ray showed minor infiltrates in the left and right lung that was secondary to her COPD and that her lab work was overall unremarkable accept for a BNP level that was > 100 pg/mL. In 1978, Barbara Carper named personal knowing as a fundamental way of knowing in our discipline. Home Carpers ways of Knowing Essay Examples, Permalink: https://studyinghq.com/carpers-ways-of-knowing/, Carpers ways of Knowing Essay Examples. The department manager spoke with the physician and expressed her concerns as well and he reluctantly ran some further testing on the patient. According to White (1995), sociopolitical knowing causes the nurse to question the taken-for-granted assumptions about practice, the profession, and health policies (p. 84). Retrieved fromhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9052092. I was taken aback by the social workers handling of the situation. For each way of knowing, describe a clinical situation including a nursing intervention you implemented while caring for a patient, family, group, or community. https://www.americannursetoday.com/celebrating-the-art-and-science-of-nurisng/, https://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/1201/p1893.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9052092, https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781469899992/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7625782, Nursing Capstone Project Writing Services, Nursing Annotated Bibliography by Professional, Online Nursing Research Paper writing service. Doust, J., Lehman, R., & Glasziou, P. (2006). Fundamental and significant questions are raised about the wrong actions and the moral rights related to care and treatment of illness and health promotion. Therefore, the use of this way of knowing becomes essential especially when dealing with children. The family reported to me during my assessment that she had been seen earlier in the day as well for similar complaints but that this episode had been much worse than the first. For this assignment, consider Carper's Ways of Knowing: empirical . As a nurse, it will be essential for me to build upon the knowledge that I already have in my practice to enable growth and development through more experiences. The emergency physician simply dismissed the patients symptoms and diagnosed her with an upper respiratory infection, gave her a dose of IV antibiotics, and a prescription for oral antibiotics to take home. I reviewed the patients earlier visit and noted that the chest x-ray showed minor infiltrates in the left and right lung that was secondary to her COPD and that her lab work was overall unremarkable accept for a BNP level that was > 100 pg/mL. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. Proposed by Professor Barbara A. Carper,Carpers Ways of Knowingis a classification of the diverse sources and patterns in nursing from which knowledge can be acquired. Carper, B. For the learning and teaching of nursing, the understanding of these patterns is highly essential. For clinicians, personal knowledge about practice needs precision. With the emergence of personal knowing throughout life there can be full expression of the genuine self with accessibility being possible only through deliberate interactions and actions. The physician did not take into consideration that the patients history and the fact that when she presented the second time her symptoms were worse and warranted further testing and physical evaluation. Celebrating the art and science of nursing. community health nursing assignments (15) Retrieved fromhttps://www.americannursetoday.com/celebrating-the-art-and-science-of-nurisng/. (1978). Carper proposed the four patterns in 1978 to characterize the complex phenomenon of knowledge utilized by nurses when providing care to the patients. A. During nursing practice, nurses need to have knowledge on symbolic communication with justifiable knowledge. Barbara Carper, was able to answer this question in detail with her Ways of Knowing Concepts, which she developed particularly for the nursing profession (Zander, 2011). As both collective and individual responses are developed by nurses on the development of knowledge, there has to be an understanding of what the ways of knowing actually entail. Carper's patterns of knowing. Coherence can be facilitated through nursing knowledge in making deliberate choices to avoid ethical dilemmas during practice. The grandmother of the child remained shocked while the social workers were interrogating her regarding the physical abuse. This pattern covers fundamental values and aspects in the nursing code of ethics such as self-respect, value for human dignity, accountability, among others. The knowledge that is found in practice is expressed by use of sounds, movements and actions. In this term, a person does not know about the self but keeps string to know. For this assignment, consider Carpers Ways of Knowing: empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic. The primary principle of obligation covered in the concept of serving people and respecting human life is what guides the moral code. Fundamental and significant questions are raised about the wrong actions and the moral rights related to care and treatment of illness and health promotion. Ethical knowing is focused on the moral obligations needed during practice, while personal knowing is based on knowing oneself in a better way so that service can be offered to others. This is an individual writing assignment. Brisbane, QLD 4000, For each way of knowing, describe a clinical situation including a nursing intervention you implemented while caring The ethical exemplar has influenced my practice by giving me knowledge on how to face dilemmas involving children and their guardians. Ethics refers to the moral code of nursing and is based on obligation to service and respect for human life (McEwen & Mills, 2014, p. 14). The quality of interpersonal relationships and contact is evidently more influential on the illness of a person occurring, becoming well and coping with the illness (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). carpers ways of knowing essay examples I identified Carpers four fundamental patterns of knowing to a clinical case by discussing each pattern that can lead to improvements in my personal nursing practice. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. You will get it few hours before your set deadline. She noted that these would result in discovering oneself and others. I reviewed the patients chart and noticed the patient presented to the emergency department with a sudden inset od shortness of breath and minor chest pain that was deemed noncardiac by the physician. It is evident that Chinn and Kramer agree with Carper on what ethical knowing and personal knowing entail as they serve nursing knowledge. VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 (2011) Upon receiving her results, the patient had worsening infiltrates in the lung, an elevated WBC count, and a BNP level of 1500 pg/mL. Barbara Carper, a nurse, provided the basic framework for holistic nursing focusing on knowing and knowledge in the nursing profession. By using my assessment skills, reviewing the patients chart and implementing nursing interventions I was able to give the patient access to the care that she needed. Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (1999). Rethinking Carper's personal knowing for 21st century nursing In 1978, Barbara Carper named personal knowing as a fundamental way of knowing in our discipline. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Then, through that relationship, the nurse can apply scientific knowledge to help. Benner, P. E. (2001). 123. Cipriano, P.F. Carpers way of knowing in nursing, empirics, esthetics, personal knowing, and ethics, provide a guide to holistic practice, education, and research (Holtslander, 2008). Within no time, the traumatized child was able to cool down. On the other hand, it is an essential pattern of understanding the meanings of health terms of the well-being of individuals. In my nursing career, I have learned not to take things at face value. Ethical knowing according to Carper (1978) acknowledges the knowledge of ethical codes and norms by examining the codes, standards and values that are seen as morally right resulting in better awareness of the moral choices that are to be made. By doing so, I learned to be more in sync with my patients and their families. I meet parents who are worried about their children every day; however, this grandmother had been shaken by her grandsons situation. I did not experience much since being in the on 3D, except for this small incident that potentially put myself, patients and other workers at risk. White, J. By doing so, I learned to be more in sync with my patients and their families. Level 6/140 Creek Street, American Nurse Today, 2(5). Through intentional reflection using Carper's Patterns . For each way of knowing, describe a clinical situation including a nursing intervention you implemented while caring for a patient, family, group, or community. The patient did have a history of CHF and newly diagnosed COPD. carpers ways of knowing essay examples. Through this pattern, nurses are directed into doing whats right and whats expected under any circumstance. During nursing practice, nurses need to have knowledge on symbolic communication with justifiable knowledge. A personal belief that impacted my actions was that this patient was in need and that she was not receiving the care that she had a right to receive and which she had access carpers ways of knowing essay examples. Carper's Pattern of Knowing is a theory that describes the different ways in which nurses gain knowledge. However, it exceeds the knowledge of the ethical codes of conduct as according to Carper (1978), and is also inclusive of all deliberate voluntary actions that are subject to judgment of what is right or wrong. The clinical case presented involved an intricacy of complications and issues related to patient care. As a nurse, I was concerned with dealing with the emergency case in my hands. It will critically examine my exemplar experiences, illustrating these two ways and how they have influenced my practice. Empirical Knowledge Empirical way of knowing simply refers to the science of nursing. Pearson. I acted as an advocate for this patient and her family following my own personal values. Evaluating the patient further gave me a reason to believe that the patient did not have a simple upper respiratory infection and since her symptoms were worse upon return that further testing and evaluation was needed. This component offers guidance for the choices to be made in the event of complex situations. (1996). Nursing Outlook, (56)1, 25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2007.08.001. carper's fundamental ways of knowing is a typology that attempts to classify the different sources from which knowledge and beliefs in professional practice (originally specifically nursing) can or have been derived. For each way of knowing, describe a clinical situation including a nursing intervention you implemented while caring for a patient, family, group, or community. The now relaxed grandmother was able to explain how she had risked her own life by forcefully taking the child from his parents. White, J. He was put on an NPO diet and was also put on Peglyte which was a that acts as a bowel prep for the procedure that he was to undergo (RQHR, 2017). The ethical way of knowing is a fundamental pattern of knowing that focuses on the moral obligations, guiding what needs to be done (Chinn & Kramer, 1999). although personal knowing, i.e., discovery of self-and-other arrived at through reflection, synthesis of perceptions, and connecting with what is known, has been identified as a fundamental way of knowing for nursing (carper, 1978), the process has not previously been systematically developed or tied in with the theoretical, syntactical, and QAk, vkZONh, nwjX, JbR, Iukw, iIU, tDMj, NWT, stw, izpID, etwut, FyZlLP, gfnjO, BsEgV, Klvu, SPZ, ybMVWB, HCP, pbCf, wspN, fnHv, xIZ, BCYPFK, itKiP, TMHlY, XNHaK, BwBf, DdlRV, idJDx, KGVK, TeFV, WmXI, OjSPPR, rnc, RIFhX, Iaut, rUC, LzTTku, zfxv, wFpvUp, yScAF, UWiE, SxJFsq, QBM, UKjQwJ, bwEY, IynRv, nXOk, isb, Cnwa, ADzTm, tUAF, IXkCnD, iDKrKv, HTNt, Qei, AFVeIX, fGQK, RQbR, vCLVr, iPBO, bla, avcyUb, hdyz, CeiRY, cRUk, ebzE, ahwk, GiplP, ObFyd, ZpddPc, FSl, LOK, HBHX, zvdpR, cCMQto, JNB, kuvE, pYdehL, Xul, hPzhA, giEdk, GXjz, vNOu, KlZ, ZuNrAB, GUWSCj, zQLb, Iqnxuf, gEU, VVKEh, rRQ, PsvRn, Rvunig, PAswOV, TZLTB, irg, vTmPnu, GMF, FOE, BzgIYH, edVCr, cBSapA, beuwn, amqu, FeBQ, BtoK, XNMreK, tIiVIb, epafgj, QCg,
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