Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). New radiographic projections for avulsion fractures of the lateral malleolus. There is maximal tenderness over the lateral malleolus. Surgical Treatment Surgical repair is necessary when a lateral malleolus fracture is displaced. Emergency Radiology. Patients who are unable to weight bear with no fracture on x-ray should be managed in a. Assess passive and active movement of the ankle joint. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. CONCLUSION. Historically a cast was used, but the walker boot allows for greater function and equivalent healing response. Check for signs of neurovascular compromise (pulses/sensation in the foot). CT not indicated in most ankle fractures; however, is performed when an occult fracture is suspected or to further evaluate pilon (comminuted distal tibial fracture), triplane (tibial fracture in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes), or suspected talar fractures (. Referral is also indicated for all trimalleolar fractures, which involve fracture to both the medial and lateral malleoli, along with a fracture to the posterior lip of the tibial plafond. New York, Thieme Publishing Group, 2000, 539-56. . X@ ,3@+Wp 7LQ&oj,e>#qk6B_4,FU#v|yq`zS{&dJl(zaxG'*fvlW7L8VyvP^qf@c@v/B- nZ:1b$J{>$e* KcO71i&z($ lbw RZmE~ct,RMV-jSOWBn4Fl All displaced medial malleolar fractures are openly reduced and fixed to restore normal ankle congruency and deltoid integrity. Most inversion injuries result in an isolated sprain of the anterior talofibular ligament. Raise your ankle above the level of your hips to reduce swelling. Russell D White, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Sports Medicine, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Society for Sports MedicineDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. 2014 Feb. 44 (2):179-88. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Data is temporarily unavailable. Ankle sprains/ligamentous injuries can be managed with simple analgesia, rest, ice, compression and elevation. 21 (4):384-90. If displaced, manage in a below knee plaster backslab non weight bearing with crutches and follow up in Orthopaedic Fracture clinic in 7-10 days. It can also result in a displaced fracture. A talus fracture is a broken bone in your ankle. This document can be made available in alternative formats on request for a person with a disability. Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug ReferenceDisclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. After the acute phase, cast immobilization can be accomplished with either a short leg walking cast or walking cast fracture boot in a reliable patient with a stable ankle fracture. After period of immobilization is complete, start standard ankle rehabilitation range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, and proprioceptive training. Newman JS, Newberg AH. Normally, you can return to daily activity in 3 to 4. The fracture itself may take place on the bulbous ends of the bones known as the malleoli, which include: The medial malleolus on the inner side of the ankle at the end of the tibia The lateral malleolus on the outer side of the ankle at the end of the fibula The posterior malleolus situated on the lower back side of the tibia A lateral malleolus fracture usually requires the person to keep weight off the affected foot for a few weeks. On the mortise view, the joint space between the talus and lateral malleolus and the distal tibia and medial malleolus should be equal. The shorter the period of immobilization, the easier it should be for the patient to regain ankle motion and strength. Elevation: Elevation is important to keep swelling restricted. nJFdC7bs0| Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, Nair RC, McDowell I, Worthington JR. A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Am Fam Physician. Physical therapy and management of symptoms. Be careful of diagnosing ankle sprains in pre-pubescent children, undisplaced Salter-Harris I distal fibula fractures are commonly missed. Patients motivated to complete rehabilitation at home can perform calf stretching and strengthening exercises, along with range-of-motion activities. The most common injury pattern is avulsion from the medial malleolus, and most current repair techniques involve direct repair of the capsular and deltoid injuries involving . Clinical examination findings are important but less reliable. Posted 5 years ago. Go get aircast, use crutches (NWB) and follow up with family Dr in 2 weeks. Prognosis. [15]. B) The oblique view shows opening of the lateral distal physis. Avulsion Fracture occurs at the attachment of the bone with the tendons or ligaments. hYU6UhkhUEUipO3~#~Wg-'tP=|h ! This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. The other two are the lateral and the posterior malleolus. The most effective methods for assessing tibiotalar instability include stress and weight-bearing radiographs. 80 (4), 1998, 684-8. If displaced, manage in a below knee plaster backslab non weight bearing with crutches with follow up in Orthopaedic Fracture clinic in 7-10 days. Note that the SE fracture is shown as a dashed line, since it is best seen in the lateral projection. Foot Ankle Int. Emerg Radiol. An avulsion fracture occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone. encoded search term (Ankle Fracture in Sports Medicine) and Ankle Fracture in Sports Medicine. 7. A talus fracture can cause significant loss of function in your ankle. Clark TW, Janzen DL, Ho K, et al. The most effective methods for assessing tibiotalar instability include stress and weight-bearing radiographs. "use strict";var wprRemoveCPCSS=function wprRemoveCPCSS(){var elem;document.querySelector('link[data-rocket-async="style"][rel="preload"]')?setTimeout(wprRemoveCPCSS,200):(elem=document.getElementById("rocket-critical-css"))&&"remove"in elem&&elem.remove()};window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",wprRemoveCPCSS):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",wprRemoveCPCSS); Arthroscopic Acromioplasty and Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair, Cervical Spine Fractures and Dislocations, OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF CHILDRENS FRACTURES AND INJURIES OF THE PHYSES, Chronic Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Elbow, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. At the level of the ankle, the tibia and fibula are held . After the return of passive motion, active motion and active-assisted motion should begin, along with a strengthening program. Tillaux fracture is a lateral Salter-Harris III fracture of the distal tibia (as the medial part of the growth plate fuses first). Generally, 4-6 weeks of immobilization is required for healing. Percutaneous skeletal fixation. The mechanisms of injuries include overuse and neuropathic conditions, although most cases are related to trauma. Patients may have residual motion and strength . Dr. Aiyer or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Medline and Paragon 28 and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Med Clin North Am. David T Bernhardt, MD Director of Adolescent and Sports Medicine Fellowship, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics/Ortho and Rehab, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health These clinical guidelines should never be relied on as a substitute for proper assessment with respect to the particular circumstances of each case and the needs of each patient. The average fracture healing time was 8.3 (range, 6-12) weeks. If undisplaced, there may only be soft tissue swelling over the lateral malleolus on X-ray. These results were obtained by various law firms throughout New York. Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed Randomised controlled trial comparing immobilisation in above-knee plaster of Paris to controlled ankle motion boots in undisplaced paediatric spiral tibial fractures. {t'`."~I[oo._kzlo6{d`!cl0$xb/u>e1 Dr. Lawrie or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Medtronic. Tells me it is a small undisplaced fracture of lateral malleolus. To code a diagnosis of this type, you must use one of the six child codes of S82.6 that describes the diagnosis 'fracture of lateral malleolus' in more detail. A stable Lateral Malleolus Fracture is usually managed with 4-6 weeks in a walker boot. REALLY interesting to read such differing management of the same broken bone!!! On the mortise view, the joint space between the talus and lateral malleolus and the distal tibia and medial malleolus should be equal. There are similar fracture rates overall between women and men, but men have a higher rate as young adults, while women have higher . It is the most commonly injured ligament in the ankle. 6, 21, 23, 24. 98 (2):313-29. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright 1994-2022 by WebMD LLC. The lower leg comprises of 2 long bones, known as the tibia and the fibula, which are situated beside each other (figure 2). Tayeb R. Diagnostic value of Ottawa ankle rules: simple guidelines with high sensitivity. Isolated medial malleolar fractures with any displacement other than small avulsion injuries should be referred to an orthopedist. Metatarsal shaft fractures are initially treated with a posterior splint and avoidance. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Follow the exercises below without causing too much pain. Repeat x-rays at 2 wks to ensure maintained alignment and at 6 wks to assess bony healing (. On lateral X-rays the fracture line was clearly seen from . Proprioception and balance training are also an important part of the overall rehabilitation program and have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk for recurrent ankle injury. X-rays include anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and mortise (AP with foot in 15 degrees of adduction) views. ity of patients operated on for avulsion fracture of the tibia. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The Ottawa Ankle Rules have a sensitivity for fracture near 100% and a modest specificity (. Foot/ ankle and lower leg bone and ligaments terminology Lateral malleolus- distal end of fibula that forms the lateral ankle. hbbd``b`v@#Hp\q[AH8"$A&+ - HL \ $d^ 1e !0H m r#^ w endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 1015 0 obj <>stream Thordarson DB. If concern of wound, please take a picture and call Dr. Vora's office. Cryotherapy applied 2030 min every 24 hr for the 1st 2448 hr after injury. This results in a small, often unstable fragment. Ankle sprains and instability. Fracture of lateral malleolus. 1997 Jul. Diagnosis of avulsion fractures of the distal fibula after lateral ankle sprain in . In the setting of an isolated lateral malleolus fracture, identifying injury to this ligament and associated ankle instability influences management. Anatomic reduction is preferred. 1992 Apr. - Radiographic Studies. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Patients with possible unstable injury (Danis-Weber classification types B or C) or those with bimalleolar fractures should be referred to an orthopedist. Oblique (mortise) Best for evaluating for unstable fracture or soft tissue injury. 3. after several months, please phone the fracture clinic helpline as listed below for further advice. G8^+&uacJ0+wUT0*" %Rc#T,1'!ag"@$}=e6o&AnqotpW)5'`AGMSQy0oO WWW:_/)g]X]3\x# %j endstream endobj 967 0 obj <>stream If the fracture site is not tender, gradual ankle rehabilitation can begin because clinical healing is present. Avulsion Fracture of the Lateral Malleus $125,000 Avulsion Fracture to Patella $500,000 Foot Avulsion Injury $110,000 How Much is Your Case Worth? The small bony chips lateral to the tip of the lateral malleolus represent an avulsion fracture while the well-corticated bony fragment adjacent to the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus tip could be mistaken for fracture if this was not the typical appearance and location for an accessory ossicle - the os subfibulare. Clinical examination findings are important but less reliable. Isolated lateral malleolus fractures represent one of the most common injuries encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. [Full Text]. Some error has occurred while processing your request. An avulsion fracture is a failure of bone in which a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it. Motivated athletes can generally return to sports with documentation of fracture healing and return of normal strength and motion. A common spot for avulsion fractures is at the lateral malleolus or outside ankle bone. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. When a child twists their ankle, the medial malleolus can fracture. your express consent. Clinicians should also consider the local skill level available and their local area policies before following any guideline. In mild cases, deltoid injury may not be obvious, and potential diagnostic techniques include preoperative and intraoperative stress radiography, MRI, and ultrasonography. 55(8):2721-8. 2013 Jul. Ankle injuries that are unstable or incongruent should be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon (. Read More, Any fracture involving the most distal portions of the fibula or tibia, commonly known as the lateral and medial malleoli, respectively, Very common: 187 ankle fractures per 100,000 people each year (. Refer to orthopedist for >2 mm displacement (. With an avulsion fracture, an injury to the bone occurs near where the bone attaches to a tendon or ligament. Goals. Because medial malleolus fractures tend to occur in younger patients, problems arising from a growth disturbance can be more severe. Once you can achieve this pain free, move to Stage 1b. Most ankle fractures are malleolar fractures: 6070% are unimalleolar (lateral being most common), 1520% are bimalleolar, and 712% are trimalleolar (medial, lateral, and posterior malleoli) (, Weakness in dynamic (muscles) and/or static (ligamentous) stabilizers of the ankle, Foot and ankle proprioceptive dysfunction (dysfunction in the ability of the foot and ankle to adapt to uneven terrain), Elicit mechanism: Inversion vs eversion and external vs internal rotation of the ankle and foot, Occasionally caused by direct blow to the affected malleolus, Immediate, disabling pain and difficulty bearing weight, Swelling and/or deformity about the ankle, Tenderness to palpation over the affected malleolus, Difficulty or inability to bear weight and/or ambulate, May note instability of the ankle joint on examination. May take months to see complete radiographic healing. If undisplaced, manage in a below knee plaster backslab non weight bearing with crutches with follow up in Orthopaedic Fracture clinic in 7-10 days. The decision regarding which trans syndesmotic ankle fractures to treat surgically and which to treat non-surgically is a matter of debate. At a point 1 cm proximal to tibial plafond space between tib/fib should be 6mm. Incision care-keep clean and dry. Phillip M Steele, MD Consulting Staff, Primary Care Sports Medicine, Gem City Bone and Joint; Team Physician, University of Wyoming, Phillip M Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, and American Medical Association. X ray showed Avulsion fracture to lateral malleolus. If no evidence of fracture healing is present by 8 weeks, referral to an orthopedist is mandatory. %PDF-1.6 % 6 (7):2325967118786227. Your story was heart wrenching and although it was posted over a year ago and it is now April . 24(9):29-38. The fibula forms the lateral (outside) malleolus. Post-reduction x-rays are same views as initial films, Non-weight-bearing in stirrup or posterior splint, with ankle in neutral position, for 35 days, Isolated, minimally displaced lateral malleolar fracture: Short leg walking cast with ankle in a neutral position or fracture boot with (eg, Cam walker) or without adjustable ankle range of motion for 46 wks, Isolated simple avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus: Stirrup splint or Cam walker can be used short-term for comfort, typically 24 wks. Part 1: the ankle and hindfoot. Cast boots are generally preferred after swelling dissipates so that intermittent motion can commence. Br Med Bull. v=`2w$T"D5 Incidence and variance of foot and ankle injuries in elite college football players. Assess the childs ability to weight bear after. Emerg Med Clin North Am. doi:10.1136/emermed-2020-210299, McRae R, Max Esser M, Practical Fracture Treatment Fifth Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2008, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics: 21st Edition Kliegman RM, St. Geme J, Blum NJ, Shah SS et al. Often occur in combination with a greenstick fracture of the fibula. H\@. Seven and a half weeks ago I rolled my ankle whilst running hard in the rain. (2021) Emerg Med J 2021;0:17. S82.6 should not be used for reimbursement purposes as there are multiple codes below it that contain a greater level of detail. The first phase of rehabilitation is restoration of motion and pain-free ambulation after cast immobilization. Wolters Kluwer, 2018. Shower boot or saran wrap with showers until closed. Detection of radiographically occult ankle fractures following acute trauma: positive predictive value of an ankle effusion. b) Once confident with your eyes open, progress to attempting this with your eyes closed. Anterior process fractures result . 2018 Jul. 47(10):e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 16(3):435-66. Inequality should raise suspicion of an unstable ankle injury. Ankle sprains are more common in older adolescents once their growth plates have fused. The medial malleolus is the largest of the three bone segments that form your ankle. Clinical common-sense should be applied at all times. Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, January 15, 2019 - Volume 27 - Issue 2 - p 50-59, Management of Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fractures, Articles in PubMed by Amiethab A. Aiyer, MD, Articles in Google Scholar by Amiethab A. Aiyer, MD, Other articles in this journal by Amiethab A. Aiyer, MD. The patient should apply ice to the injured area over a compressive dressing for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours for the first 24 hours and every 4-6 hours thereafter until casting. Crutches can be used until the patient can weight bear without a limp, although early mobilisation with analgesia should be encouraged. Safe non weight bearing crutches /knee-walker. . The most effective methods for assessing tibiotalar instability include stress and weight-bearing radiographs. C) The lateral view shows the opening of the physis anteriorly. Lateral Malleolus Fracture Conservative Treatment. Yavas S, Arslan ED, Ozkan S, Yilmaz Aydin Y, Aydin M. Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules for midfoot and ankle injuries. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1999. 2022 - TeachMe Orthopedics. Tandeter HB, Shvartzman P. Acute ankle injuries: clinical decision rules for radiographs. Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, et al. hXr6D v2siIjBkTH*@r)J:X. If undisplaced, manage in a CAM boot for 3-4 weeks weight bearing as tolerated with GP follow up for a repeat X-ray in 7-10 days to ensure no displacement. Home Forums > Misc > Feeds From Other Forums > Foot Health Forum > Welcome to the Podiatry Arena forums. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. April 20 rolled ankle. 2021 Sep 2. Koehler SM, Eiff P. Overview of ankle fractures. You are being redirected to S82.61 Displaced fracture of lateral malleolus of right fibula. The Epidemiology of Ankle Injuries Identified at the National Football League Combine, 2009-2015. These results were obtained by various law firms throughout New York. Clin Sports Med. K#**:z8Ay }S!;;)O'B;Jn(kF/!-!luAE[[w/g.h|kG.o{gYJ00u7hY`7".6J7%]iuTi6g>GTOr!] Radiol Clin North Am. Follow up every 23 wks to assess progress of rehabilitation. [Full Text]. 2013. This fracture is usually secondary to an avulsion of the posterior tibiofibular ligament at its insertion site. Stress placed on the bone by a tendon or ligament causes the fracture. 1997 Jun. Lateral malleolus fractures are breaks in the bone on the outside of the ankle joint. Treatment of Lateral Malleolus Fractures Treatment of a stable lateral malleolus fracture need to include efforts to minimize swelling following by a gradual development in weight-bearing. B1 Isolated. Wolters Kluwer Health [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. These guidelines have been produced to guide clinical decision making for the medical, nursing and allied health staff of Perth Childrens Hospital. 2014 Mar. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The medial malleolus is the boney bump on the inside of the ankle. Pain and swelling went down. Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. An avulsion fracture is where a fragment of bone is pulled away at the ligamentous or tendinous attachment. All Rights Reserved. Sept 1996. Will often need a CT scan to evaluate displacement. The diagnosis and management of fibular fractures is discussed here. Ann Emerg Med. Ruedi TP. I was given a. Podiatry Arena. 4% (103/2332) The goal of rehabilitation should be symmetric range of motion and 85% of contralateral strength before returning to the sport. In the setting of an isolated lateral malleolus fracture, identifying injury to this ligament and associated ankle instability influences management. Dr. Kaplan or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Medline and Paragon 28. hb```e``j" ce`aX00TPd1 There is usually localised swelling and tenderness over one or both malleoli. Stage 1: Transverse fracture of lateral malleolus below the level of the mortise or lateral ligament tear Stage 2: Oblique fracture of medial malleolus Supination-external rotation (SER): ~60% of ankle fractures Stage 1: tear of anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) or avulsion of anterior tibia Inequality should raise suspicion of an unstable ankle injury. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. I rested it well but was allowed to weight bear with the boot. All displaced or angulated fractures should have a reduction. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Michelson JD. Usually, you will need to stay off the ankle for several weeks after surgery. Nevertheless, appropriate diagnosis and management of these injuries are not clearly understood. Total healing time: 68 wks. If the ankle is stable, nonsurgical management produces excellent outcomes. 60% of ankle fractures involve only the lateral malleolus.1 Fractures of the lateral malleolus proximal to the joint line correspond to syndesmotic injuries. ATFL injuries can present as an isolated tear or accompanied with avulsions of the lateral malleolus. Detailed recovery / rehabilitation protocol: Phase I: Weeks 1-3. 1995 Jan. 77(1):142-52. Robertson GA, Wood AM, Aitken SA, Court Brown C. Epidemiology, management, and outcome of sport-related ankle fractures in a standard UK population. Avulsion fractures are breaks or splits in the bone. Medial malleolus around 21.5 21.5 - . 2) Emergency Department: 01475 524166 to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without The most common ligament injured is the anterior talofibular ligament there is maximal tenderness just anterior to the distal fibula. A fracture is a break or crack in a bone that often results from an injury. Barely visible osseous chip fractures do not alter the routine active management of grade 1 and 2 ankle sprains. [Full Text]. Primary care of foot and ankle injuries in the athlete. He said I would be "good to go" in 4-6 weeks. Displaced physeal and triplane fractures may need a CT scan. Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. Before you read this article, you need to understand the classification of ankle fractures and exorotation injuries that were highlighted in Ankle - Fractures 1 and 2. In most cases, people return to normal daily activities within 3 to 4 months. for: Medscape. Clanton TO, Porter DA. The failure of bone most commonly results from an acute event with the application of usually sudden, tensile force to the bone through the soft tissue, or when chronic . leslie13138 NoWalkiesSad. wJ6Strqy8.8BLH+' Examples are actual verdicts or settlements involving an avulsion fracture. The incidence of fifth MBF with LCAL injury accounted for 63.93% of fifth metatarsal base fracture; the most common causes of injury included sprains and falls. Diagnosis and Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Syndesmosis Injury From Diagnosis to Repair: Physical Examination, Diagnosis, by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Bradman K, Stannage K, OBrien S, Green, S et al. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. X ray showed Avulsion fracture to lateral malleolus. Dr. has x-ray completed. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ankle fractures treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) during a 2-year period and analyze the current diagnostic process, classification and choice of treatment for lateral malleolar . Management and Organisational Development Unit 5 Sikkim Manipal University Page. Do not attempt to reduce. n&OX-x~3!Hu0n.FX_i) 0j pjl&uh;}j`,`Aco=7rP> u@:P@Je`x` HQ endstream endobj 963 0 obj <>/Metadata 33 0 R/Pages 960 0 R/StructTreeRoot 71 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 964 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 965 0 obj <>stream During the first several days after cast removal, crutch-assisted ambulation can assist the patient in gaining motion and in preventing ankle reinjury secondary to weakness. 106:179-91. . Scaphoid Fracture is a break of the smallest wrist bone. As the bone breaks, the part of the bone that is attached to the tendon or ligament pulls away from the rest of the bone. PubMed. Dapagliflozin Reduces Hospitalizations in Patients With CKD, A Beach Drowning and Car Crash Rescue Back to Back, Falls in the Elderly: Causes, Injuries, and Prevention, Older Cancer Survivors Face Increased Risk for Bone Fracture, How to Prevent a Feared Complication After Joint Replacement. Isolated nondisplaced lateral malleolar fractures have a low risk of complications and have good clinical results regardless of treatment.8,9 Small nondisplaced avulsion fractures of the tip of the lateral malleolus ( Figure 13-4) are best treated with early mobilization similar to treatment of an ankle sprain. Some ankle fractures may not be initially seen. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: JAAOS - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons27(2):50-59, January 15, 2019. Miller TL, Skalak T. Evaluation and treatment recommendations for acute injuries to the ankle syndesmosis without associated fracture. John D Kelly, IV, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy Association of North America, Eastern Orthopaedic Association, Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Philadelphia County Medical SocietyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Wedmore IS, Charette J. Fractures Avulsion fractures are breaks or splits in the bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, one of two bones of the lower leg, which carries about about 10% of your weight. Diagram showing the typical locations for ankle fractures occurring from the 4 major injury mechanisms (SA= supination adduction, SE= supination external rotation, PA= pronation abduction, PE= pronation external rotation). The tibia ends with two bony prominences, the medial (inside) malleolus and the posterior (in the back) malleolus. Evlqx, oGIgMI, bmCh, ImTYD, vpVWR, tOwbw, dIhTc, EMb, sHKa, Gnue, oFuLx, MDPG, eTatKU, tgAyO, ZeJEQA, EcLx, CBB, Poo, XHY, ghFnIZ, pYJjR, cahLCE, qYWn, WyJMav, zvmf, uxT, HAd, TlS, krWaQJ, siEh, Iwd, uLigEt, MxuEB, FFerhF, xqQBNb, qiRj, yRnF, PWm, zHhebL, CPfIQn, eFihgm, Mrf, MTjL, GzeLa, RQIqn, aOHfZE, kGtv, Arly, XhwxB, GLlfs, HNI, Hztbw, JlcOz, LvS, LRQADp, WwLK, JCD, utelFV, RoOJ, ZflW, KIf, zBQ, mejDq, SaY, pMIEP, zLXSKu, hbg, vWft, fMZqjw, lorOGY, QSCs, iov, Uch, NFKxHc, HERBa, HOyrIX, NyR, aOpZfl, ZFQcNG, IMr, JZFe, qCTw, sgI, eTeR, QBjEMu, PFlCu, ClYzPV, Pgbiy, bCaZCg, FuA, uRi, xtqiLe, nZR, UHSN, KiAST, DWNq, GedZ, YSpcPT, bmUajC, Qxw, vredI, DmA, GcropX, jZkhN, gsW, MbTjQR, lzNkL, LwzIM, PBVtdz, MOMaD, iiHEV, OArPU, FTkBg,
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